Towards new seed orchard designs in Germany – A review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract New first and 1.5 generation seed orchards are to be created in Germany based on recently assembled breeding populations of Acer pseudoplatanus , Larix sp., Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Pseudotsuga menziesii Quercus sp. To justify the high expenses time cost for orchard establishment maintenance, planning should make use consolidated knowledge experience both national international scientific community. Here, we briefly describe advances genetic gains achieved through tree breeding, resume population aspects design considerations draw conclusions clonal composition spatial new orchards. We conclude that avoid outbreeding depression separate required each zone. The zones species-specific defined by ecological climatic aspects. A minimum 60-80 clones per is recommended native species with proportions natural regeneration forest practice. This would allow future selective thinning estimated values from progeny testing. It also permit transfer progenies into a naturally regenerating stands without risk bottleneck. Lower clone numbers appropriate non-native hybrids. important strictly inbreeding depression, using only one or population, which plus trees were selected. Further, layout promote random mating optimizing neighbourhood clone. With all these taken account, expect superior quality traits at least 10-15 % more volume
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Silvae Genetica
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2509-8934', '0037-5349']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0007